Documentation sheet
Definition of indicator
Calculation (numerator, denominator)
Additional underlying concepts
Relevant dimensions (subgroups)
Preferred data sources
Rationale
Data availability, quality and periodicity
References
Work to do
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PM10 (particulate matter) exposure Annual average exposure to outdoor air particulate matter (PM10). Particulate Matter (PM) is an air pollutant consisting of a mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. PM10 refers to particulates whose diameter is less than 10 micrometers. In general, smaller particles (PM10 and smaller) are more important for health effects than larger particles since they penetrate deeper into the lungs. |
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Calculation (numerator, denominator) 1) Eurostat structural indicator Environment: Percent of urban population exposed to concentrations exceeding limit value (50 μg /m3 , 24 h average) on 35 or more days, measured at urban background stations in agglomerations. 2) Project Environment/health indicators: Population-weighted annual average ambient concentration of PM10. 3) WHO/EURO: Annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) in the capital city, based on daily values monitored at the urban background stations of the capital city 4) CHILD project: % children living in localities with annual mean > 40 ppm of PM10. Measurement unit: micrograms per cubic meter. |
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Relevant dimensions (subgroups) Country, year, (region ?) |
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Source Type: Emission registries plus calculations. 1) Eurostat: European Environment Agency, European Topic Center on Air and Climate Change 2) Project Environment/health indicators: is data available? 3) WHO-HFA (in the capital city only): Primary source: air quality monitoring networks and stations monitoring air quality in the capital. Secondary source: AirBase database of European Environment Agency (EEA) |
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Urban air pollution is responsible for substantial burden of disease and death. Fine particulates (PM10) can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of the condition of people with heart and lung diseases. The data in the indicator relate to target and limit values as set in EC legislation. |
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Data availability, quality and periodicity Availability: Eurostat, WHO-HFA (in the capital city only). Problems: The characteristics of location for urban background monitoring may vary, therefore the international comparability may be limited. Application of different PM10 correction factors in different sites and time should be taken into account to compare the data between the countries and over years. No documentation on children’s exposure to PM10 or PM2.5 CHILD-project: no data |
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- WHO-HFA, OECD, Eurostat - The European Environment and Health Information System (ENHIS) - Implementing an environment and health information system in Europe (ENHIS) projects - Establishment of Environment and Health Information System – ENHIS-2 - Indicators for monitoring COPD and asthma in the EU, IMCA - AirBase database of European Environment Agency (EEA) retrievable by AirView - Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: http://www.cafe-cba.org/2000 to 2020”, http://www.cafe-cba.org/assets/baseline_analysis_2000-2020_05-05.pdf - Eurochip - CHILD project The EUPHIX (European Union Public Health Information & Knowledge System, www.euphix.org); the Determinants of health chapter dedicates a topic on airborne particulate matter among Environment |
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What the indicator is meant to measure. If not unambiguous, all acceptable alternatives are to be listed in numbered preference order. The final decision on preference order/numbering is to be made by ECHIM coregroup.
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How to calculate the indicator (method, numerator, denominator, etc), in the same preference order as above if more than one alternative.
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Why the indicator is measured the chosen way (prevalence, incidence, mortality, absolute numbers etc.)? Also reasons for the preferred definition and calculation details can be included here.
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Should the indicator be stratified by e.g. age, gender, socio-economic status and area
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The type of data source; in the same preference order as above (typically either register data or HIS/HES).
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Why is this indicator important, from the public health point of view. (For example: size or dynamics of the problem/issue, evidence of the relevance of the issue in public health terms (for determinants) or evidence of intervention effectiveness (for prevention or care issues)).
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The recommended data source (e.g. Eurostat, OECD, WHO, national registers or HIS/HES, project databases etc.), in the same preference order as above; some notes on the quality and availability of the data for the indicator. Eventually, also information on the availability in coutries, as derived from the ECHIM survey.
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References to original publications, websites, EHIS-question/naire, PHP projects, etc.
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What should be done to improve and complete this sheet. Eventually, this cell should be blank.
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